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(No Model.) J G ZENSEs. 3 Sheets-Sheet 1.

FILE CUTTING MACHINE.

No. 600,570. Patented Mar. 15,1898.

Wine s s e s [nvmTo 1'.

(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2. J. 0. ZENSES. PILE'CUTTING MACHINE.

No. 600,570. Patented Mar. 15,1898.

UNrrnD STATES PATENT OFFICE JOI-IANN CARL ZENSES, OF REMSGI-IEID,GERMANY.

FILE-CUTTING MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 600,570, dated March15, 1898.

Application filed October 20, 1897. Serial No. 655,868. (No model.)Patented in Germany December 8, 1893,1Io. 85,047, and in England March22,1897,N0i7 395.

To all whmn it nut/y concern:

Be it known that I, J OHANN CARL ZENSES, a subject of the Emperor ofGermany, residing at Remscheid, in the Province of Rhenish Prussia,Germany, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inFile-Cutting Machines, (for which I have obtained patents in Germany,No. 85,047, dated December 8, 1893, comprising, however, only certainparts of the present complete application, and in Great Britain,No. 7,395,dated March 22, 1897,) of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to an improved filecutting machine in which theangle of the cut will always be the same and in which the pitch of thecut is made finer automatically at the pointed end, where the fileitself is thinner and generally also narrower than in the middle part.At the same time my new file-cutting machine is provided with mechanismsenabling the same to cut half-round files with cuts decreasing in widthtoward the end of the file. I attain these objects by causing theadvance of the file or of the anvil carrying the same to be executed insuch a manner that tangents laid or supposed to be laid 011 the curveformed by the body of the file in the point of the cut shall always formthe same angle with the direction or path of the chisel. For thispurpose I use a templet corresponding to the shape of the file-blank andserving as a guide directing the movement of the anvil, and I cause theadvance of the file to be slower at the beginning than at the middlepart also by means of a templet of appropriate shape, and finally Iplace the half-round and similar files on a bed of such shape that thefile can be bent at its end, and that in consequence of this the powerof the stroke of the chisel will be uniform and equally strong at anypart of the file. On the accompanying drawings the machine comprisingthe mechanisms for realizing these ob jects is shown.

Figure 1 is a side view of the complete machine, partly in section. Fig.2 is a plan of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a vertical section along line I I ofFig. 1. Fig. at is an end View seen from the right of Fig. 1. Fig. 5shows in detail and in an enlarged scale and in section along 'line IIII of Fig. 7 the gear for regulating the advance of the anvil. Fig. 6 isa side view of Fig. 5 seen from the left. Fig. 7 is a plan of Fig. 6.Fig. 8 is a plan of the bed for halfround files. Fig. 9 is a side viewof Fig. 8. Figs. 10, 11, and 12 are respectively cross-sections of Fig.8 along lines III III, IV IV, and V V. Fig. 13 is a similar section of abed used for cutting the left part of the round face of a half-roundfile. Figs. 14, 15, and 16 are respectively a side view, a longitudinalsection, and an end view of the worm with half a thread for advancingthe anvil at intervals. Fig. 17 is a diagram showing the working of themachine.

All the working parts of the machine are carried in and erected upon a Ushaped foundation-frame A. Between the two vertical sides of this frameis guided the sliding piece 13, in which is lodged the anvil W. Upon therear side of the frame A, at its left end, is mounted the standard A, atthe front side of which is erected the hammer-guide, with the spring-boxand other known parts, and which also carries the main driving-shaft O,with fast and loose pulleys O at the rear end and the hammer-lifting camD at the front end. The manner of guiding the hammer and of driving itdown is of known design and requires, therefore, no special description.In the middle of the standard A is keyed upon the shaft 0 the worm E.This worm, which has a thread that rises only half of the circumference,the other part having no inclination, gears into a worm-wheel F upon ashaft F, which is supported in double bearings G, mounted at the rearside of the foundation-frame A. The bearings G at the same time serve tocarry the screw-spindle 11. At the right end of the shaft F is fixed apulley F and at the corresponding end of the screw-spindle II is keyed asimilar pulley II. A guide-pulley K, fixed loosely upon a bolt K in anadjustable bracket K which is secured against the corresponding standardG, serves for guiding and stretching the belt L, placed around thepulleys F and H. The screwspindle I-I gears into a worm-wheel M upon ashaft M, which is carried in brackets M upon the sliding piece B.

By means of a special arrangement, which I shall describe in detailhereinafter, the shaft shape or curve of the file.

M is allowed to turn around or to be held fast. In the latter case theworm-wheel M acts like a screw-nut, and when the spindle H is turnedaround the worm-wheel or nut is pushed forward and with it the partsconnected therewith2'. 6., the shaft M, the brackets M, and the slidingpiece B. Now the sliding piece B, which forms ahalf-circular trough,carries in this trough the anvil W, as a pin ora shaft is carried in itsbearing, so that the anvil can be turned or oscillated therein. Thisoscillation or circular movement of the anvil, while it advances withthe piece B, is done in an absolutely-prescribed manner andcorresponding exactly with the From it depends the maintenance of anequal angle of the cut in all parts of the file, while the chisel goesup and down always in the same direction. In order to effect this, Icombine with the rear or right side of the anvil a tail-bar 0, passingthrough an opening in the rear side of the piece 13 and carrying at itsfree end a proportionate and adjustable weight 0, a stilt 0 carrying alittle roller C) at its foot, supportingthe tail-bar, and this roller 0runs on an exchangeable templet P, which is fixed to the frame A, andthe upper surface of the same is of such shape and so curved that whilethe anvil with the sliding piece is advancing it is turned in the latteraccording to the shape of the templet, as will be best understood by aglance at Figs. 1 and 17. Fig. 17 shows that the angle of thedirection-line a of the chisel and a tangent I; laid on the curve of thefile-surface in any position I, II, or III is always the same, andtherefore the angle of the cut made into the file is also alwaysthesame.

The file R is placed on an extra layer of lead on a bed Q upon theanvil. This bed is also of cylindrical form, so that it can be turned inthe anvil by means of the screw S, Figs. 3 and 4:, which is held in anut S of the bracket S screwed or riveted to the upper side of theanvil, an arm S linked to a nut S QB. the lower part of the screw S,being connected to the bed Q.

The file may be held down upon its bed by any suitable and practicalmeansas, for instance, by a roller T at the end of an arm T,

keyed to an axle T carried in bearings T and which axle has keyed to itsother end a weighted lever T which presses the roller down upon th file.Besides this the file, of course, is held in place by a clamp it. Theseare, however, mechanisms well known and do not form part of the patentand are not my invention. v

From the description given so far it will be understood that theanviladvances regularly and that it is turned in its trough inaccordance with the curve of the file, so that the angle of the cut willalways be the same throughout the length of the file. Now it is not onlydesirable that the angle of the out be the same and that the pitch ofthe out be the same in the main part of the file, but that the pitchgets smaller toward the pointed end, where the file is thinner andnarrower, and in order to realize this with my machine I provide it withthe following device, (shown in detail in Figs. 5, 6, and 7:)

At the outer end of the shaft H, I place two arms U, which are connectedat their lower ends by a bolt u, carrying a roller U between the arms,and in the middle by a bolt 20 carrying a hand-lever U with an eccentricU and upon the same shaft M, between the arms -U, is keyed fast a diskV. Now it will be seen from Fig. 6 that when the eccentric U I is turnedtoward the disk V the arms U and the disk will be rigidly connected asif they formed one piece. In this state, therefore, when the arms U arefree to turn they also allow the turning of the shaft M and of theworm-wheel M. This turning, however, is only possible when the roller Ufinds no support or counteraction, whereas in the case that U strikes orabuts against a fixture the turning of the worm-wheel is stopped, andwhen the spindle H continues to rotate the wheel M and its connectionstake a linear movement. NowI place underneath the roller U,that is, uponthe frame Aa templet X of a curved shape corresponding to the end of thefile. Supposing, now, the arms U and the templet had the positionindicated by dotted lines in Fig. 6, the roller U rests upon the highestpoint of the templet, and whenthe spindle H is turned the wheel and itsconnections, brackets M and anvil B move toward the left. Hereby theroller U loses its support upon the templet on account of the c'oncavedshape of this. When, therefore, the spindle H is turned again, the wheelM i will also be turned instead of receiving a rectilinear movementuntil the roller U strikes against the templet X, and now only, when thewheel M cannot be turned around any farther, it is pushed forward aslong as the turning of the spindle H lasts; When the roller U hasreached the straight part of the templet no more "turning of the wheel Mtakes place and the advance of the anvil will be a uniform one at everyturn of the spindle H. From this it will be understood that the templetcan be so shaped that the advance of the file and the anvil will be soproportioned that while the narrow end is under the chisel the pitchwill be small at the beginning and increasing gradually until the normalpart of the file is reached, when the uniform advance willbegin and nomore turning of the wheel will take place. By this means all sorts offiles of fiat, triangular, or square shape can be out in as good amanner as by hand. It is only the half-round files and those of similarshape which require still a specially-shaped support whichare placeduponthe anvil or upon the bed Q to receive the file to be out.

Half-round files are pointed toward the end which forms part of a cone.Now in order that this thin coneshaped end receives a cut graduallydecreasing in width and depth, I provide for such files a layer Y of theform shown by Figs. 8 to 12 for the one-half of the round face and ofthe symmetrical shape, as indicated by Fig. 13, for the other part ofthe round face. This layer is of the shape shown in section by Fig. 12up to the line X X, the file lying with its flat face upon the surface aand bearing with its left edge against the corner I). From the point XX, where the cone part or reduced part of the file begins, the surfaceis made to slope and the corner I) as well as the edge a converge towardeach other, and the file-blank to be cut is bent to fit the surface a.By this means I can cut half-round files with a cut getting graduallynarrower and less deep at the pointed halfround end than at the normalpart of it. After the cutting has been finished the pile of course ismade straight again.

I am aware that file-cutting machines provided withsemicircularly-recessed movable sliding pieces, semicircular anvils, andmeans for automatically rocking the said anvils in the recesses of thesaid pieces have been in use before my invention, and I do not claimsuch a machine broadly; but

\Vhat I do claim is- 1. In a file-cutting machine, the combination witha stationary foundation-frame and a hammer and its operating mechanismmounted thereon,a sliding piece guided in said frame and having asemicylindrical recess, an anvil of semicylindrical form fitting in saidrecessand adapted to turn in the same under the hammer, a projectingattachment of the said anvil, fixed means acting on the said attachmentto rock the said anvil as the sliding piece is moved forward, anddevices for feeding the said sliding piece substantially as set forth.

2. In a file-cutting machine, in combination with a foundation-frame anda reciproeating hammer, a sliding piece having a semicylindrical recessformed therein, a semicylindrical anvil fitting in said recess andarranged to turn under the said hammer, shafts and gearing for actuatingthe said hammer and feeding the said slide over the frame, and meansunconnected with the said shafts and gearing for automatically tiltingthe said anvil in the said recess as the slide is fed forward,substantially as set forth.

3. In a file-cutting machine in combination with a U-shapedfoundation-frame A, a

sliding piece 13 having a half-circular troughlike excavation, ahalf-cylindrical anvil in said excavation, a loaded tail-bar O fixed tothe anvil and projecting through an opening in said piece B, a stilt Ofixed to the end of the tail-bar, a templet P, fixed to the rear partofthe frame A and serving as a guide or rail for a roller 0 fixed to thefoot of the stilt 0 the whole as set forth and for the purposespecified.

4. In a file-cutting machine in combination with a U-shapedfoundation-frame A, a sliding piece B having a half-round troughlikeexcavation, a half-cylindrical anvil in said excavation, a loadedtail-bar O fixedto the anvil and projecting through an opening in saidpiece B, a stilt O fixed to the end of the tail-bar, a templet P fixedto the rear part of the frame A, a bracket M secured to the top of thesliding piece B, a shaft M journaled in said bracket and carrying twoarms U and a disk Vbetween them, said arms having a hand-lever U and aneccentric U upon a bolt a between them in the middle, and a roller U attheir outer end upon a bolt '11., a templet X fixed to the upper flangeof the frame A just below said roller U the whole as set forth and forthe purpose specified.

5. In a file-cutting machine, in combination with a foundation-frame anda hammer and means for actuating it mounted thereon, a sliding pieceprovided with a semicircular recess, a semicircular anvil mounted insaid recess and adapted to be tilted therein under the said hammer, afixed device acting on an attachment of the said anvil for automaticallytilting the same as said sliding piece moves forward, means for movingthe said sliding piece longitudinally, mechanism for throwing said meansout of action and a fixed device arranged for contact with a roller orprojecting part of the said mechanism and curved in order that suchcontact will automatically cause the tilting of the said anvil to beinterrupted at predetermined.intervals substantially as set forth.

J OHANN CARL ZENSES.

Witnesses:

R. E. JAHN, O'rro KONIG.

